A Comprehensive Study on the Performance of Various Tracker Systems in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Saudi Arabia

To compensate for the lack of fossil fuel-based energy production systems, hybrid renewable systems (HRES) would be a useful solution. Investigating different design conditions and components help industry professionals, engineers, policymakers in producing designing optimal systems. In this article, tracker including vertical, horizontal, two-axis trackers an off-grid HRES that includes photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), diesel generator (Gen), battery (Bat) are considered. The goal is to find optimum (OP) combination seven locations (Loc) Saudi Arabia. proposed load demand 988.97 kWh/day, peak 212.34 kW. results cost energies (COEs) range between 0.108 0.143 USD/kWh. Secondly, size PV panels with calculated. uses 100 kW other components. Additionally, PVs where 100% used reach selected found. Finally, two sensitivity analyses (Sens) on costs solar GHIs conducted. main article most cost-effective system under while considering environmental aspects such as CO2 social penalty. show increase 35% power from (compared not using tracker) when system. However, it always cost-effective. vertical horizontal (HT) also significant. findings introducing specific all depends resources speed GHI, well economic inputs. Overall, higher than 5.5 kWh/m2/day, (VT)